大眾集團旗下的兩大豪車品牌——保時捷和賓利，正計劃共享先進技術，促進純電動車的量產。兩家公司的計劃類似，其電動車的目標續(xù)航里程均為500 km（310英里）、超高加速性能、15-20分鐘內以800V的電壓充飽電池。
保時捷公司董事長Oliver Blume博士已在一次重要講話中確認，2015年法蘭克福車展上亮相的概念車Mission E將在2020年左右開始生產。賓利的負責人Kevin Rose則告訴《汽車工程雜志》，其兩座概念車EXP10 Speed 6已經基本確定將實現量產，而且可能會推出一款純電動版本。
賓利還有可能推出其他車型的純電動版。“純電動技術的某些特性非常符合賓利的要求，比如駕駛時很安靜、加速很輕松，高扭矩下操控反應速度極快。”Rose表示這些特性都會在Mission E的全輪驅動車型上實現。
估計除了“安靜”以外，上述這些特性也對保時捷產生了很大的吸引力。保時捷已宣布在其位于斯圖加特市祖文豪森的工廠中斥資7億歐元建造生產設施，其中就包括電動機的生產裝備。
大眾對集團一向非常熱衷于整合內部技術以獲得協(xié)同效應，因此有推測認為，保時捷和賓利可能在電機和某些硬件上展開合作，而保時捷和其姐妹公司奧迪之間也會共享電池模塊技術。不過也許事實并非如此，盡管具體方案還未對外宣布并落實，但保時捷的新聞發(fā)言人已經強調：“我們研發(fā)的電機僅為保時捷所用。”
Mission E車型將使用2臺電機，前后橋各一臺。但除此之外，保時捷和賓利都還沒有進一步介紹更多細節(jié)。
保時捷還未正式宣布目標產量和計劃定價，但估計年產量在20,000輛左右，定價水平可能與911系列的高端車型價位相當。Mission E車型的直接競爭對手將是特斯拉。
大眾最近遭遇排放門危機，對許多項目和公司成本都造成了負面影響，但可以預測的是，高級電動汽車的研發(fā)工作肯定不會因此停頓。
這些研發(fā)工作將與奧迪的綜合充電系統(tǒng)（CCS）相結合，CCS可在充電30分鐘后支持車輛行駛400km （249英里）以上，該技術現已應用于限量生產的奧迪R8 e-tron和e-tron quattro概念車。
在德國巴登巴登剛剛舉行的ELIV大會（汽車電子設備大會）上，奧迪與包括保時捷在內的合作伙伴們一起進行了一場有關適用150 kW電源的充電接口（CharINev）的展示。其中提到，CCS采用一種標準的交流—直流聯合充電接口，這可以讓充電變得更容易。
但是，這意味著用戶還是需要在公路上找充電站，或者在家里或公司里用電源充電。賓利的Rose表示，現在的許多PHEV車主并不喜歡使用這種系統(tǒng)，因為很麻煩。
這個問題可以通過感應充電解決，但賓利的用戶可能會有機會嘗試一種更有趣的充電方式，Rose說：“如果我們要打造全電動的賓利車，我們肯定會為車主解決充電問題。”
這種服務專為賓利用戶設計，是賓利電動車獨享的充電方式。具體來說，只要條件允許，無論車停在哪里，都能進行充電。他認為，這種方案對大規(guī)模生產的車型來說肯定不容易實現，但對產量極少的超級豪車賓利而言卻是可行的。
保時捷斥巨資投建的工廠，除了電機制造設施外，還包括了全新的涂裝車間和總裝廠。現有車身工廠也將進行擴建，而且保時捷的威斯薩赫研發(fā)中心也將獲得新一輪的投資。這些擴張計劃將帶來1000多個工程、設計和技術領域的新工作崗位。
保時捷將擴大產能視為當前的首要任務之一，公司監(jiān)事會主席沃爾夫岡·保時捷表示：“我們希望借助Mission E來展示保時捷品牌未來的方向。”他說，Mission E是一輛“迷人的跑車”。它確實當得起這個形容，只不過量產車型將在概念車基礎上進行怎樣的改變，目前還是未知數。
保時捷的Panamera總長為5015mm（197.4英寸），而Mission E的長度也達到了4850mm（190.9英寸），但該車高度僅為1300mm（51.2英寸）。因此保時捷稱，Mission E比較接近四門911，與GT賽車（Gran Turismo）相比，它更像是一輛四座跑車。
此外，保時捷還有另外一個目標，就是確保Mission E既能在城市里行駛，也具備遠距離行駛的能力和“源源不斷”加速能力。“在允許的范圍內，駕駛員可以反復加速，車輛性能卻不會下降。”保時捷的技術部門發(fā)言人表示。
Mission E的功率輸出為440kW，從0到100公里/時（62mph）加速時間3.5秒，從0到200公里/時（124mph）加速時間為12秒。鋰離子電池充滿電后續(xù)航里程可達500公里，充電15分鐘后電量可達80%，續(xù)航里程為400公里。Mission E可采用地面感應線圈進行無線充電。
Mission E的傳動系統(tǒng)中有2臺永磁同步電機，該技術源自于保時捷為勒芒拉力賽冠軍919混合動力車研發(fā)的傳動系統(tǒng)。據悉，這兩臺電機“即便在較短時間內進行多次加速”，依然可以開足馬力。他還補充道，Mission E概念車在紐博格林賽道上的單圈行駛時間為不到8分鐘。
Mission E的電池位于車身底板下方兩橋之間的位置，呈縱向放置。前后橋各有一個電機進行驅動。
Mission E概念車的車身外殼由鋁、鋼和碳纖維制成，量產車也將采用類似材料，但各種材料的使用比例還未確定。
Mission E的車身設計非常獨特，后門采用反向開門設計，因此省掉了B柱。但這種構造可能會影響抗扭剛度，影響乘員安全。不知保時捷是否已經找到解決這一問題的辦法，并在量產車上進行應用，讓我們拭目以待。
Mission E的空氣動力學設計中包括一些與車身進行了整合的導流構建，可用來減少車輪附近的湍流。保時捷稱，該車的前大燈為一種“新型的”矩陣LED。
另一項重要的設計是用安裝在前翼子板上的攝像系統(tǒng)來取代車門上的反光鏡。當然這牽涉到是否符合不同國家法規(guī)要求的問題。作為大眾汽車集團的旗下一員，Mission E將借鑒大眾超緊湊車型XL1所采用的系統(tǒng)。去除后視鏡的一大好處就是大大提升了車輛的風阻系數。攝像系統(tǒng)的顯示屏位于擋風玻璃下方角落處，可以同時顯示其他安全信息。
駕駛艙的細節(jié)設計包括為各儀表配備的OLED（有機發(fā)光二極管），采用跟蹤眼球運動的攝像頭可偵測到駕駛員在看哪塊儀表板，接著駕駛員就可以通過方向盤上的一個按鈕來激活并操作這塊儀表板上的菜單。如果駕駛座的高度改變了，整塊儀表板也會“跟著”駕駛員進行調整，以保證方向盤不會阻擋駕駛員看到儀表板上的信息。
該車儀表板可謂是一系列先進技術的薈萃，其中包括一個全息顯示系統(tǒng)，可以用虛擬3D效果顯示各種應用程序界面，將其按重要程度順序排列在虛擬空間中。此外，駕駛員還可以通過手勢進行功能選擇。
無論是保時捷還是賓利，都將把超奢華電動汽車提升到全新高度——飛速行駛，飛速充電。
作者：Stuart Birch
來源：SAE《汽車工程雜志》
翻譯：SAE 上海辦公室
Porsche and Bentley plan electric future
Porsche and Bentley, two of the Volkswagen Group’s star premium performance players and now positioned to share advanced technologies, are heading for pure-electric production models, each targeting 500-km (310-mi) range, huge acceleration capability, and 15-20 min 800-V battery charging times.
In a major statement, Porsche Chairman Dr. Oliver Blume has confirmed that its Mission E concept seen at the 2015 Frankfurt Motor Show will be in production by about 2020, and Bentley Director Kevin Rose told Automotive Engineering that the two-seat Bentley EXP10 Speed 6 concept, which looks set to become a production reality, may be offered with a pure-electric powertrain as an option.
Other Bentley models may also be available in pure electric form. “There are aspects of all-electric technology that are very Bentley, including quiet running, effortless acceleration, and almost instant high-torque delivery,” said Rose. These assets would be delivered via all-wheel drive as they are on the Mission E.
With the possible exception of “quiet,” all this is the parallel thinking at Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen, where Porsche has announced a €700 million spend on production facilities that will include manufacture of electric motors.
With VW’s avid enthusiasm for technology synergies where appropriate across the Group, motor expertise and possibly some hardware could be expected to be shared between Porsche and Bentley (and battery modules between Porsche and sister company Audi), although no detailed decisions have yet been reached—or at least announced—and a Porsche spokesman underlined: “The electric motors we develop will be reserved for Porsche specifically.”
Mission E uses two electric motors, one for each axle. But neither company is going into specific details yet.
Official production targets and likely pricing have not been released, but some 20,000 units per annum and a sticker price around that of higher end 911s look likely, with Mission E tussling with Tesla.
The scheduled introduction of the Mission E indicates that the emissions crisis faced by VW and the resultant costs to the company with inevitable knock-on effects to many projects, will apparently not stymie such advanced electric R&D work.
These electric developments mesh to some degree with Audi’s work on a Combined Charging Systems (CCS) that will offer a range of over 400 km (249 mi) after 30 min. Technology of this type has been fitted to the limited-production Audi R8 e-tron and e-tron quattro concept.
At the recent ELIV (Electronics in Vehicles) Congress in Baden-Baden, Germany, Audi made a presentation together with its partners (including Porsche) in the Charging Interface Initiative (CharINev) suitable for charging with 150-kW power. CCS facilitates charging of electric cars with AC or DC using a standardized charging interface combo plug.
This still means finding a power source along the highway and also using one at home or office. Bentley’s Rose said that indications at present point to many PHEV (plug-in hybrid electric vehicle) owners not wanting the hassle of plugging in such systems.
Induction charging could be the answer, but Bentley customers may be offered an interesting solution, according to Rose: “If we had all-electric Bentleys, one thing we could do would be to take the power to them.”
This would be a service to individually charge a Bentley owner’s electric car’s batteries wherever (within reason) it was parked. Not something that would be feasible for high-volume models, he agrees, but a possibility for Bentley’s very low, super premium EVs.
As well as electric motor production, Porsche’s big spend will see a new paint shop commissioned and a new assembly plant built. The present body shop is also being expanded, and Porsche’s R&D center at Weissach is receiving new investment. Around 1000 extra engineering, design, and technician jobs will be created.
The company regards the expansion as an indication of its priorities. Dr. Wolfgang Porsche, Chairman of the Supervisory Board, stated: “With Mission E, we are making a clear statement about the future of the brand.” He describes it as a “fascinating sports car.” It certainly promises to be, although just how much of the concept will be carried over to the production car is not fixed.
At 4850 mm (190.9 in) long versus 5015 mm (197.4 in) for the Porsche Panamera, but only about 1300 mm (51.2 in) tall, the Mission E is regarded by the company as having a character akin to that of a four-door 911, making it more a four-seat sports car than a GT (Gran Turismo).
Porsche also puts emphasis on the car being day-to-day usable in urban environments as well as having long distance capability and “reproducible” acceleration. “The driver should be able to again and again accelerate and not suffer any degradation in performance (up to a point, of course),” said Porsche’s technology spokesman.
Power output is 440 kW with 0-100 km/h (0-62 mph) capability of 3.5 s and 0-200 km/h (0-124 mph) in 12 s. A 100% charge of its lithium-ion batteries would provide a 500-km range but a 15 min, 80% charge would be sufficient for 400 km. The car is being engineered to be recharged by ground-installed induction coils.
The powertrain, incorporating two permanent magnet synchronous motors, will be based on technology developed for Porsche’s Le Mans race winning 919 hybrid. They are said to be able to deliver full power “even after multiple accelerations at short intervals,” adding that the Mission E concept’s lap time of the Nürburgring’s Nordschleife is under 8 min.
Battery position is underfloor longitudinal, stretching between both axles, each of which is driven by an electric motor.
The concept’s bodyshell comprises aluminum, steel, and carbon fiber; the production car’s is likely to be similar although the proportional make-up of materials is not certain.
The body style of the Emission E is highly distinctive with rearward pivoting rear doors (counter-opening) which obviate the need for a B-pillar. That configuration can bring torsional rigidity challenges and raise questions of passenger safety, so it will be interesting to see if solutions are found and both aspects make it to production.
Aerodynamic details of Mission E include integrated air guides to reduce turbulence around its wheels. Headlights are described as a “new type” of matrix LED.
Another significant design feature is the use of camera systems (mounted in the front fenders) to replace door mirrors. Again, it is a matter of whether they meet legal criteria in all markets. As a member of the Volkswagen Group, the car will benefit from experience gained via a similar system used for the ultra-low-volume VW XL1. The big plus is the benefit to the car’s Cd figure. The screens, placed in the lower corners of the windshield, can display other safety information too.
Cabin details include use of OLED (organic light-emitting diodes) for instruments. An eye-tracking camera detects at which instrument the driver is looking. The driver can then activate and navigate the menu of the instrument when appropriate via a button on the steering wheel. The whole instrument display “follows” the driver if seat height is changed, so ensuring the steering wheel does not block information.
The dashboard is a veritable party piece of technologies including a holographic display showing virtual apps stacked in virtual space and arranged by priority with a 3D effect. Gesture control is also used for function selection.
For both Porsche and Bentley, super premium electric promises to take on a new dimension: fast cars and fast chargers.
Author: Stuart Birch
Source: SAE Automotive Engineering Magazine
Mission E概念車與保時捷911造型極為相似，量產車外形很可能與概念車基本相同。
保時捷的未來量產車Mission E的透視圖。
賓利的EXP10 Speed 6量產后可能推出純電動版，續(xù)航里程將達500km。
保時捷Mission E的虛擬儀表板。
保時捷的純電動車Mission E將于2020年上市。
保時捷總裁Oliver Blume博士支持Mission E的量產決定：“我們將堅定地承擔起汽車電氣化的艱巨任務?！?/span>
賓利汽車負責人Kevin Rose對純電動版賓利超豪華轎跑的技術優(yōu)勢贊譽有加。