“無(wú)論是電動(dòng)汽車還是儲(chǔ)能技術(shù)都將迎來(lái)飛速增長(zhǎng)，而我們正處于這一過(guò)程的起始階段。SAE International 希望制定出適當(dāng)?shù)募夹g(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，促進(jìn)這一趨勢(shì)的發(fā)展，” SAE電池標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指導(dǎo)委員會(huì)主席Robert Galyen表示。
Galyen負(fù)責(zé)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)22個(gè)地面車輛電池技術(shù)分委員會(huì)的工作。在密歇根州諾維舉辦的2016美國(guó)新型電池、電動(dòng)車科技及儲(chǔ)備電源展覽會(huì)（2016 Battery Show）的開(kāi)幕式上，Galyen接受了《汽車工程雜志》的采訪，介紹了他對(duì)電池發(fā)展趨勢(shì)、技術(shù)、電網(wǎng)儲(chǔ)能和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問(wèn)題的看法。
隨著鋰電池在電動(dòng)汽車中的應(yīng)用越來(lái)越普遍，電池標(biāo)準(zhǔn)也在不斷發(fā)展。早在20年前，當(dāng)SAE的J1797電動(dòng)汽車電池封裝標(biāo)準(zhǔn)發(fā)布時(shí)，就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始對(duì)汽車電氣化設(shè)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)了。
Gaylen介紹道：“在過(guò)去2個(gè)月內(nèi)，我們將J1797標(biāo)準(zhǔn)修改為‘暫緩執(zhí)行’模式，因?yàn)樗呀?jīng)不再適用于當(dāng)今的時(shí)代了。” J1797標(biāo)準(zhǔn)于1996年開(kāi)始制定，并于1998年成為行業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 “當(dāng)時(shí)汽車使用的是鎳氫電池和鉛酸電池。”
而專門為鋰離子電池制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)將涵蓋更多方面，包括材料、標(biāo)識(shí)和安全性等內(nèi)容。
“眾多工程師正在參與鋰離子電池標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定，我們還成立了一個(gè)針對(duì)下一代電池的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)，希望趕在下一代電池上市之前推出相應(yīng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，” Galyen表示。
下一代封裝系統(tǒng)
SAE的先進(jìn)電池概念委員會(huì)將于今年內(nèi)發(fā)布第一份技術(shù)信息報(bào)告。
“我們的主要工作是制定推薦做法，引導(dǎo)整個(gè)行業(yè)采用統(tǒng)一的方法，朝著一致的方向發(fā)展，” Galyen解釋道，“但委員會(huì)的核心任務(wù)還是向公眾介紹目前的技術(shù)發(fā)展?fàn)顩r。”
此外，SAE的地面車輛與航空航天相關(guān)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)工作組也相互分享鋰離子電池運(yùn)輸安全方面的信息。
“目前有眾多人員正致力于制造用于汽車和公交車的鋰電池產(chǎn)品，只有讓航空航天專家共同參與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定才能更好的服務(wù)于全行業(yè)。”Galyen特別提到，電池封裝的運(yùn)輸安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，是由航空航天工作組的G27委員會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)制定的。
美國(guó)和其他許多國(guó)家都明文禁止使用民航貨艙運(yùn)輸鋰離子電池，因?yàn)樵陲w行過(guò)程中，沒(méi)有人可以進(jìn)入客機(jī)的貨艙照管電池，并保證其安全。
“我們必須設(shè)計(jì)出一種能夠防止火勢(shì)蔓延的鋰電池封裝方法，因?yàn)槲覀儾幌Ｍ霈F(xiàn)電池著火，然后再滅火的局面，”Gaylen說(shuō)。
自動(dòng)駕駛電動(dòng)汽車
Galyen預(yù)計(jì)，SAE電池標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)最近將會(huì)非常忙碌，因?yàn)殡妱?dòng)汽車在全球各大市場(chǎng)中都在飛速發(fā)展，在中國(guó)尤其如此。他相信“能源革命”必將從汽車行業(yè)開(kāi)始。
促進(jìn)電動(dòng)汽車發(fā)展的另一大驅(qū)動(dòng)因素，是SAE所定義的 4級(jí)和5級(jí)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車的面世。LG 旗下的子公司LG Chem Power CEO兼總裁Denise Gray在大會(huì)上提到，她認(rèn)為自動(dòng)駕駛汽車和電動(dòng)汽車的發(fā)展將會(huì)齊頭并進(jìn)，并指出先進(jìn)電池技術(shù)將成為這一進(jìn)程的關(guān)鍵支柱。
“We’re just at the beginning of a steep growth curve for both electric vehicles and energy storage, and SAE International is going to play a huge role in that by setting the standards that are necessary to move it all forward,” said Robert Galyen, chairman of SAE's Battery Standards Steering Committee.
Galyen oversees 22 ground vehicle SAE battery committees. He spoke with Automotive Engineering about battery trends, technology, grid storage and standards, on the opening day of the 2016 Battery Show in Novi, MI.
As lithium batteries become commonplace in electrified vehicles, battery standards are evolving. SAE’s J1797 standard for electric vehicle battery packaging set the stage 20 years ago for vehicle electrification.
“We put J1797 in ‘stabilized mode’ within the last two months because it’s antiquated for what’s happening today,” said Galyen, noting J1797 was written in 1996 and became an industry standard in 1998. “That was at a time when nickel metal-hydride and lead-acid batteries were being used,” he explained.
Specific Li-ion battery standards address a variety of aspects, including materials, labeling, and safety.
“We have a cadre of engineers working on all the standards specific to today’s Li-ion batteries, and we have a committee specific to next-generation batteries as we want standards to be ahead of when next-generation battery technology reaches the market,” Galyen said.
Packaging system needed
SAE's Advanced Battery Concepts Committee will release their first technical information report this year.
“We typically write recommended practices, which are put in place to drive the industry to a common footprint or a common methodology of application," Galyen explained. "But this committee’s core role is to inform the general public about what’s going on.”
SAE’s Ground Vehicle and Aerospace groups share information related to the safe shipping and transport of Li-ion batteries.
“Because we have such a large group of people working on Li-ion batteries for products that go on vehicle applications and bus applications, it only makes sense to have these experts involved,” said Galyen, noting the aerospace group’s G27 is responsible for writing this battery packaging shipment safety standard.
The U.S. and many other countries have outlawed the shipping and transport of Li-ion batteries in the cargo bay of passenger aircraft, an area that’s unattended and inaccessible during flight.
“We need to create a packaging system that will contain these Li-ion batteries in such a way that fire cannot propagate," he asserted. "We don’t want the fire extinguishing system to be needed in the first place."
Autonomous EVs
Galyen expects all SAE Battery Standards committees will stay busy for some time, given the brisk growth rate of electrified vehicles in various global markets, particularly China. He believes the automotive sector is on the cusp of an "energy revolution."
An additional boon for electrified powertrains will come from the advent of SAE Level 4 and 5 autonomous vehicles. According to Denise Gray, CEO/President of LG Chem Power Inc., who spoke at the conference, autonomous vehicles and electrified powertrains go hand in hand. She noted that key support technologies include advanced batteries.
Author: Kami Buchholz
Source: SAE Automotive Engineering Magazine
Robert Galyen現(xiàn)任SAE地面車輛電池標(biāo)準(zhǔn)委員會(huì)主席，也是位于寧德時(shí)代新能源科技有限公司（CATL）首席技術(shù)官，該公司主營(yíng)先進(jìn)電池的研發(fā)與制造。圖為在2016美國(guó)電池展的CATL展臺(tái)前手拿電池產(chǎn)品的Galyen。