近日，美國汽車估價與購物網(wǎng)站“凱利藍皮書” (Kelly Blue Book)公布了一項（美國）全國性自動駕駛汽車技術(shù)調(diào)查結(jié)果，報告顯示盡管有半數(shù)民眾對自動駕駛汽車的終極安全持信任態(tài)度，但大多數(shù)人仍認為隨著自動功能的不斷增加，車輛的安全性會有所下降。
《2016年凱利藍皮書：未來自動駕駛汽車駕駛員報告》（2016 Kelly Blue Book Future Autonomous Vehicle Driver Study）顯示，在2,200名受訪者中，有60%的民眾承認“自己對自動駕駛汽車了解甚少，甚至一無所知”，而這可能也在一定程度上影響了受訪者對自動駕駛汽車安全性的客觀評價。
凱利藍皮書表示，網(wǎng)站開展本次挑戰(zhàn)的主要目的是“總體了解當前消費者對各級別自動駕駛汽車的認識情況，以及存在的誤解。”調(diào)查的總體結(jié)論之一為：消費者“會在‘對安全的需求’和‘對控制的渴望’之間搖擺，51%的受訪者表示他們更喜歡由自己完全控制車輛，即使這意味著會給其他駕駛員帶來更大危險，49%的受訪者則表示愿意為大眾創(chuàng)造一個更加安全的道路環(huán)境，即使這意味著自己必須放棄對車輛的部分控制。”
凱利藍皮書高級分析師Karl Brauer表示，“目前還有很多民眾仍不了解全自動駕駛汽車，比如自動駕駛汽車在緊急狀況下將會如何反應(yīng)等，但較低級別的車輛自動駕駛功能則愈加風靡。目前，很多美國人都有興趣購買具備SAE 2級半自動駕駛功能的汽車。”
“最受歡迎獎”：SAE 4級自動駕駛
盡管大多數(shù)消費者均表示他們對自動駕駛汽車知之甚少，而且還“感覺”自動駕駛程度越高，車輛的安全性會越差，但“當要求受訪者在不同級別的自動駕駛汽車中做出選擇時，SAE 4級自動駕駛汽車憑借全面的自動功能配置，且不會剝奪駕駛員控制權(quán)的優(yōu)勢脫穎而出。”凱利藍皮書在《報告》中補充道，“這并不奇怪，畢竟80%的受訪者認為人們應(yīng)有權(quán)選擇是否自己駕車，64%認為他們更傾向于總是自己駕車。”
事實上，凱利藍皮書在調(diào)查中發(fā)現(xiàn)，民眾最感興趣的自動駕駛功能是SAE 4級自動駕駛。受訪者表示，他們認為SAE 4級自動駕駛汽車是最“兩全齊美”的選擇，這種車可以在駕駛員愿意時提供全自動駕駛，但控制權(quán)仍握在駕駛員手中。SAE 3級自動駕駛汽車并沒有什么吸引力，駕駛員認為這種等級的自動駕駛并不能讓他們完全放松。SAE 5級自動駕駛汽車的市場也不大，受訪者認為這種絕對的自動設(shè)計完全剝奪了他們親自駕車的選擇權(quán)。
自動駕駛接受程度：不同年齡人群存在很大差異
盡管近三分之二的受訪者均認為他們不會在有生之年看到馬路上全是自動駕駛汽車的景象，三分之一的受訪者更是表示，他們絕不會購買全自動駕駛汽車，但總體而言，年輕一代對自動技術(shù)普遍更加了解，態(tài)度也更加樂觀。
凱利藍皮書表示，那些年齡在12-15歲之間、尚未達到合法駕車年齡的“技術(shù)通”對自動駕駛汽車的接受程度最高，同時也“認為自己是最了解自動駕駛汽車的人。”在這個年齡段的受訪者中，67%認為自己可以看到全自動駕駛汽車成為現(xiàn)實的那一天。
與此同時，在這個年齡段的受訪者中，42%均表示自己對自動駕駛汽車比較了解，而對于年齡在51到64歲之間的受訪者中,僅有1%認為自己了解自動駕駛技術(shù)。在本次調(diào)查中，年齡在12到15歲的受訪者對SAE 5級全自動駕駛的態(tài)度最為放心。25到34歲之間的受訪者緊隨其后，該年齡段中44%的受訪者稱很放心自動駕駛汽車，61%表示感到自動駕駛汽車很安全。
此外，駕乘分享服務(wù)的興起也會給自動駕駛技術(shù)的發(fā)展帶來積極影響，最起碼這關(guān)系到是誰在給你當司機。
“對比非駕乘分享服務(wù)的用戶，駕乘分享服務(wù)的用戶對‘讓汽車給自己當司機’感到自在的多。”前者中有34% 這樣認為，而后者則有44% 持這一觀點。調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示，“32%的駕乘分享用戶對自動駕駛汽車有所了解，而僅有8%的非駕乘分享用戶表示了解自動駕駛汽車。駕乘分享用戶對SAE 4級和5級自動駕駛技術(shù)的態(tài)度也更加開放，并認為自動駕駛汽車更加安全。”
Automotive vehicle valuation and shopping website Kelly Blue Book released results of a national survey regarding autonomous-vehicle technology and found that while consumers were evenly split about the ultimate safety of roads with autonomous vehicles, most believed vehicles become less safe as autonomous capability increases.
Perhaps contributing to the perception that high levels of autonomy are less safe, 60% of the survey’s 2,200 respondents admitted “that they know little or nothing about autonomous vehicles,” KBB’s 2016 Future Autonomous Vehicle Driver Study reported.
Kelley Blue Book said it commissioned the national study “to understand current consumer perceptions and misconceptions of autonomous vehicles overall—and by each level of autonomy.” One of the survey’s most comprehensive conclusions found that consumers “are torn between the need for safety and the desire for control, with 51% of respondents replying that they prefer to have full control of their vehicle, even if it’s not as safe for other drivers, while 49% prefer to have a safer roadway for all, even if that means they have less control over their own vehicle.”
“Much is still unknown about fully autonomous vehicles, including how they would react in emergency situations, but the lower-level options are gaining steam, with many Americans interested in purchasing vehicles with [SAE] Level 2 semi-autonomous features,” said Karl Brauer, senior analyst for Kelley Blue Book.
SAE Level 4 autonomy is “sweet spot”
Although the majority of consumers not only indicated they know little about autonomous vehicles and perceive safety to be diminished as the level of autonomy increases, “when survey respondents were asked to make a choice between the different levels, SAE Level 4 autonomy hits the ‘sweet spot’ by providing all the benefits of full vehicle autonomy without stripping away the option of driver control,” KBB summarized in the survey report, adding, “This isn’t surprising, considering 80% of respondents believe that people should always have the option to drive themselves and 64% prefer to be in control of their vehicles.”
In fact, KBB’s survey found that interest in autonomous functionality peaks at Level 4; respondents indicated they believe Level 4 offers “the best of both worlds”—a vehicle that can always operate in fully autonomous mode if the driver desires, but retains option for driver control. Autonomous Level 3 did not appeal, with drivers believing they couldn’t fully relax. And extending to Level 5 autonomy, survey respondents found absolute autonomous design unconvincing because the option to drive is eliminated.
Generational trust, ride-sharing opportunity
Although nearly two-thirds of the survey respondents did not think they will live to see the roads populated exclusively by autonomous vehicles—and one-third also said they would never buy a fully autonomous vehicle—younger people, in general, are more knowledgeable about and seem more optimistic for autonomous technology.
Those in the “tech-savvy, pre-driving Gen Z (12-15 years old)” age range are most accepting of the notion of autonomy and “consider themselves the most educated about autonomous vehicles,” KBB said. And 67% of those pre-driving Gen Z respondents believe they will see fully autonomous vehicles in their lifetime.
Meanwhile, 42% of pre-driving Gen Z respondents said they’re well-educated about autonomous vehicles—compared with just 1% Baby Boomers (51-64 years old) who believe they have a good understanding of the technology. Pre-driving Gen Z respondents were the most comfortable and feel the safest among all age groups regarding SAE Level 5 full vehicle autonomy. Older Millennials (25-34 years old) were not far behind, at 44% comfort level and 61% feeling of safety.
And the relatively new-age phenomenon of ride-sharing seems to positively influence attitudes about autonomy. At least as it relates to whether someone else is driving you:
“Ride-share users are significantly more comfortable letting a vehicle drive them without their control (44%) versus non-ride-share users (34%),” KBB’s survey report summarized. “With ride-sharing users also more knowledgeable about self-driving vehicles (32% know a lot, versus 8% of non ride-sharers), they feel significantly more comfortable with the technology at Level 4 and Level 5,” and compared with respondents that don’t ride-share, feel that autonomous vehicles are safer.
最近，“凱利藍皮書”的一項全國性調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)，受訪者對2級自動駕駛的態(tài)度最為開放，但選擇時會優(yōu)先考慮4級自動駕駛汽車。（圖片來源：凱利藍皮書）
選擇“社會安全”與“個人控制”的受訪者人數(shù)不相上下。
在購買意向方面，受訪者認為SAE 4級自動駕駛汽車與目前市面上的SAE 2級半自動駕駛功能擁有同等的吸引力。
大多數(shù)人認為，在多種駕駛環(huán)境下的“實用性”方面，SAE 3級和SAE 4級自動駕駛幾乎沒什么區(qū)別。這兩種自動駕駛級別的受歡迎程度，均高于SAE 5級全自動駕駛。
現(xiàn)階段，豪華車主普遍更加了解自動駕駛技術(shù)。
62%的受訪者，尤其是年紀較大的受訪者認為，自己不會在有生之年內(nèi)看到馬路上全是自動駕駛汽車的景象。
人們需要更深入地了解，科技將如何幫助SAE 5級全自動駕駛一步步實現(xiàn)。
調(diào)查顯示，如果各級自動駕駛汽車均可在2020年前成為現(xiàn)實，59%的受訪者表示有興趣購買具有更高級別自動駕駛功能的車輛。