網(wǎng)聯(lián)功能如今是新車中普及最快的特性之一，各大企業(yè)也已從中發(fā)現(xiàn)商機(jī)，希望可以利用車輛網(wǎng)聯(lián)功能產(chǎn)生的數(shù)據(jù)，提供更多服務(wù)并增加公司收入。然而，此類這些市場(chǎng)真正成型必須有個(gè)前提數(shù)——據(jù)公司和車主都必須首先確信，車輛的數(shù)據(jù)完整性能夠得到保證。
今年4月在底特律舉行的 SAE WCX 18 全球汽車年會(huì)上，Aras Corp 公司的 William Bone 提到：“首先，數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量必須得到保證。如果沒法保證質(zhì)量，你就賣不出去。這些數(shù)據(jù)必須具有真正意義、能夠真正發(fā)揮作用，且得到大家的信任。一些具有可追溯性的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)具有很大價(jià)值。”
區(qū)塊鏈前來助陣？
其他 WCX 大會(huì)演講嘉賓提出，為了解決數(shù)據(jù)質(zhì)量的問題，正在高速發(fā)展的區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)可能是一種可行的解決方案。由于經(jīng)常與一些“灰色”加密貨幣聯(lián)系在一起，區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的確引起了一些懷疑，但事實(shí)上，這項(xiàng)技術(shù)已經(jīng)開始在銀行業(yè)等領(lǐng)域有所應(yīng)用，主要用于確保數(shù)據(jù)在使用時(shí)不會(huì)被篡改。區(qū)塊鏈可以長(zhǎng)期保證數(shù)據(jù)的完整性，全面覆蓋車輛的完整使用周期（通常為十多年），因此一些希望發(fā)展車輛數(shù)據(jù)業(yè)務(wù)的公司已將區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)視為一種可行的解決方案。
“我們需要找一些簡(jiǎn)單的方法來監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)，”風(fēng)河系統(tǒng)公司（Wind River Systems）的 Peter Brown 說，“一些基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)的解決方案可以覆蓋車輛的生命周期，人們需要了解數(shù)據(jù)沒有被篡改。”
區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)已經(jīng)進(jìn)入部分供應(yīng)商的計(jì)劃中：汽車供應(yīng)商采埃孚、UBS 和 IBM 已經(jīng)合作開發(fā)了一個(gè)開放汽車支付平臺(tái)——Car eWallet 汽車電子錢包，可以讓車輛直接進(jìn)行收付款，而且采埃孚還展示了一種讓汽車用 eWallet付款的新概念——當(dāng)車輛完成自動(dòng)停車后，車上人員就可以直接下車離開，而eWallet 可以自動(dòng)支付停車費(fèi)用。eWallet 解決方案應(yīng)用了 IBM 的區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)，這可以將同一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)中每個(gè)用戶的信息同步至一些可靠且不可篡改的數(shù)據(jù)記錄中。
所有參與者的信任
這些保護(hù)行技術(shù)必須在車輛的完整使用壽命期內(nèi)證實(shí)數(shù)據(jù)的完整性。然而，這種對(duì)完整性的要求并不僅止于數(shù)據(jù)，購買信息的公司必須向提供數(shù)據(jù)的車主證明自己。
如果供應(yīng)商想要建立一個(gè)真正穩(wěn)健的互聯(lián)車輛數(shù)據(jù)市場(chǎng)，則首先必須確保消費(fèi)者能夠信任所有有權(quán)限訪問自己數(shù)據(jù)的公司。車主肯定要有充分的理由和動(dòng)機(jī)，才會(huì)選擇加入一些供應(yīng)商的數(shù)據(jù)收集項(xiàng)目，而且必須充分信任這些數(shù)據(jù)收集者。在這種環(huán)境下，如果媒體經(jīng)常報(bào)道一些數(shù)據(jù)濫用或非法使用的案例，那車主就不會(huì)愿意參加數(shù)據(jù)收集項(xiàng)目。
“消費(fèi)者最在乎的永遠(yuǎn)是‘到底有什么好處’及‘到底要付出什么代價(jià)’，”CCC 信息服務(wù)公司的 Andreas Hecht 說，“長(zhǎng)期以來，業(yè)界一直都未能很好地解釋，他們到底會(huì)用客戶數(shù)據(jù)做什么。”
Connectivity, one of the fastest-growing technical features for new vehicles, has attracted the attention of many companies that hope to offer services and garner revenue by using data from vehicles. But before any market can emerge, data companies and vehicle owners will have to believe that data integrity is ensured.
“The quality of data must be there,” William Bone of Aras Corp said at the recent SAE WCX 18 conference in Detroit. “If it can’t be trusted, you can’t sell it. It has to be something that can be understood and used, and people must believe that they can trust it. There’s a lot of value in data that's traceable and relevant.”
Blockchain to the rescue?
Other WCX speakers suggested fast-developing blockchain technology may provide a solution. Though blockchain’s association with murky cryptocurrencies has created some skepticism, the technology is seeing expanding use in banking and other fields that want to ensure data is not tampered with as it’s used. Blockchain’s ability to ensure data integrity over the decade-plus lifetime of vehicles has many eyeing it as a possible solution for those who build marketing plans around vehicle data.
“We need to find some simple way to monitor data,” said Peter Brown of Wind River Systems. “There may be some blockchain-type solution that will cover the lifecycle of the vehicle. People need to know the data has not been tampered with.”
Block chain already features in some suppliers’ plans; auto-supplier ZF, UBS and IBM teamed up to create Car eWallet, an open automotive-transaction platform that enables vehicles to make and accept payments—and ZF has demonstrated the concept with a vehicle that pays for charging and tolls using eWallet. And while vehicles park themselves autonomously as occupants go about their business, eWallet can automatically pay for parking. The program employs IBM blockchain technology, which makes it possible to synchronize the information of each user in a network in a reliable and unchangeable data record.
Trust for all involved
Protective technologies will have to certify data integrity over the lifetime of the vehicle. However, integrity must go beyond the data. The companies that buy the information will have to prove themselves to the vehicle owners who provide data.
If suppliers want to build a strong market for data from connected vehicles, they’re going to have to make sure that consumers trust all the companies that gain access to their data. Vehicle owners will have to see some reason to opt in to data-collection plans and they’ll have to trust the data aggregators. If media reports highlight abuses or questionable uses, vehicle owners will be understandably reluctant to authorize many data-collection programs.
“For consumers, it’s always about the balance between what they’re giving and getting,” said Andreas Hecht of CCC Information Services. “The industry has done a poor job of explaining what happens with their data.”
Author: Terry Costlow
Source: SAE Automotive Engineering Magazine
各大公司都已經(jīng)設(shè)想了各種可以應(yīng)用“車上交易”的場(chǎng)景，比如電池充電收費(fèi)等。而正是采埃孚 eWallet 電子錢包等服務(wù)提供的安全數(shù)據(jù)傳輸，讓這些應(yīng)用成為可能。（圖片來源：采埃孚）
區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)可以將用戶數(shù)據(jù)加密為一條條匿名但可永久保存的記錄。
我們可以基于區(qū)塊鏈技術(shù)生成的加密數(shù)據(jù)，通過“車上支付”實(shí)現(xiàn)快速安全的交易。